Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: What It Is and How It Affects the Body

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a group of connective tissue disorders that affects the body’s ability to produce strong, stable collagen. Collagen is a vital protein that gives structure and support to the skin, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs. When collagen is weaker or more flexible than normal, it can lead to joint instability, hypermobility, chronic pain, and other systemic issues.

EDS is often misunderstood or misdiagnosed, leaving many people struggling with symptoms for years before finding the right support. This guide will explain what Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is, its common symptoms, and how physiotherapy can help manage its effects.

What Is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)?

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is a genetic condition that affects the connective tissues in the body. There are 13 subtypes of EDS, with the most common being Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS).

While each type has unique characteristics, they all involve some level of connective tissue weakness, leading to symptoms such as:

• Joint hypermobility (excessively flexible joints that are prone to dislocation)

• Chronic pain and fatigue

• Fragile skin that bruises easily and heals slowly

• Poor wound healing and scarring

• Digestive and cardiovascular issues in some types

Because connective tissue is found throughout the body, EDS can affect multiple systems, making symptoms varied and complex from person to person.

How Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Affects the Body

1. Joint Hypermobility & Instability

One of the most well-known symptoms of EDS is joint hypermobility—meaning the joints can move beyond their normal range. While this may seem like an advantage in some situations (such as in gymnastics or dance), it can lead to instability, frequent dislocations, and chronic pain.

Weakened connective tissues provide less support to the joints, increasing the risk of:

• Joint dislocations and subluxations (partial dislocations)

• Ligament sprains and muscle strains

• Ongoing joint pain and stiffness

Over time, repeated joint injuries can lead to early-onset arthritis and mobility challenges.

2. Chronic Pain & Muscle Fatigue

EDS is often linked to chronic pain, which can be caused by:

• Repeated joint injuries due to instability

• Muscle overuse, as muscles work harder to stabilise weak joints

• Nerve sensitivity, which can heighten pain perception

Many people with EDS experience widespread muscle fatigue, as their bodies work harder than usual to compensate for weak connective tissue.

3. Skin & Wound Healing Issues

Collagen plays a key role in skin strength and elasticity. In many forms of EDS, the skin is fragile, soft, and prone to bruising. Wounds may also heal slowly and leave widened or thin scars.

Even minor injuries can take longer to recover from, making proper wound care and injury prevention important.

4. Cardiovascular & Digestive Complications

Some forms of EDS, particularly Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vEDS), can affect the blood vessels, making them more fragile and prone to ruptures. This is a rare but serious form of EDS that requires careful monitoring.

Digestive issues such as acid reflux, bloating, and slow digestion are also common, as weakened connective tissue can impact the gastrointestinal tract.

How Physiotherapy Can Help Manage EDS Symptoms

While there is no cure for Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, physiotherapy is one of the most effective ways to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. A physiotherapist in Christchurch can help with:

1. Joint Stability & Strengthening Exercises

Strengthening the muscles around the joints can provide better support and stability, reducing the risk of dislocations and pain. Low-impact exercises such as:
✔ Core stability training – To support the spine and pelvis
✔ Resistance band exercises – To build muscle strength safely
✔ Proprioception training – To improve balance and joint control

2. Pain Management & Movement Techniques

Chronic pain can be one of the most challenging aspects of EDS. A physiotherapist can use:
✔ Manual therapy – To ease muscle tightness and improve movement
✔ Soft tissue release – To reduce tension and discomfort
✔ Postural training – To reduce strain on joints and muscles

3. Joint Protection Strategies

Since joints are more fragile, learning how to move safely is key. Physiotherapy can help with:
✔ Proper body mechanics – Reducing strain when lifting or carrying objects
✔ Bracing and taping – To provide extra joint support when needed
✔ Energy conservation techniques – To manage fatigue and prevent overuse injuries

4. Exercise & Activity Modification

Many people with EDS want to stay active, but high-impact exercises can sometimes lead to injury. A physiotherapist can guide you toward safe, joint-friendly activities, such as:
✔ Swimming or hydrotherapy – For gentle resistance training
✔ Pilates or yoga (with modifications) – To improve strength and flexibility
✔ Low-impact strength training – To build stability without overstressing joints

Living Well with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is a lifelong condition, but with the right strategies and support, it’s possible to manage symptoms, reduce pain, and improve mobility.

A physiotherapist in Christchurch can create a tailored exercise and movement plan to help strengthen the body, protect the joints, and maintain an active lifestyle.

If you’re looking for guidance on how to move better and feel stronger with EDS, we’re here to help.

📌 Need support for joint hypermobility and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome? Book an appointment today, and let’s create a plan to help you stay active and pain-free!